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Kingdom of West Francia West Francia - The last Carolingians: Lothair and Louis V
The 13-year old Lothair of France inherited all the lands of his father in 954. By this time they were so small that the Carolingian practice of dividing lands among the sons was not followed and his brother Charles received nothing. In 966 Lothair married Emma, stepdaughter of his maternal uncle Otto I. Despite this, in August 978 Lothair attacked the old imperial capital Aachen. Otto II retaliated by attacking Paris, but was defeated by the combined forces of king Lothar and nobles and peace was signed in 980, ending the brief Franco-German war.
Lothar managed to increase his power, but this was reversed with the coming of age of Hugh Capet, who began forming new alliances of nobles and eventually was elected as king in 987 after Lothair and his son and successor Louis V of France had both died prematurely, traditionally marking the end of the French branch of Carolingian dynasty as well as the end of West Francia as a kingdom. Hugh Capet would be the first ruler of a new royal house, the House of Capet, who would rule France through the High Middle Ages.
index.html
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Seigneurs-and-Dames-Travel-Research.html
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Kingdom West Francia Kingdom of the Franks
Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel Seigneur Blondel Lord Blondel Baron Blondel Lord Baron Mentz of Fief Blondel Geurnsey Crown Dependency Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights Fiefs Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel Mentz George Mentz Lord Baron Fief of Blondel Freiherr Duke Normandy Duchess King Queen Noble TitlesSt Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey Fiefdom Reichslehens & zu Lehen hatte
Kingdom-West-Francia-King-Franks-Seigneur-de-la-Fief-of-Blondel-Lord-Baron-Mentz-of-Fief-Blondel-Geurnsey-Crown-Dependency-Seigneur-Fief-of-Blond.html
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"Lord Paramount" was a title used in the feudal system of medieval Europe, particularly in England, to describe a noble who held a high-ranking position within the realm and had authority over other lords. The term "paramount" means "supreme" or "highest in rank or authority."
In England, lords who held land "in capite ut de corona" (meaning "directly from the crown") were considered to be the highest-ranking nobles in the country. They owed their allegiance and service directly to the king and were responsible for governing their lands and the people who lived on them. These lords were also known as "tenants-in-chief" and were granted their lands by the king in exchange for their military and other services.
The term "lord paramount" was used to describe the highest-ranking lord in a particular region or territory. For example, the Lord Paramount of Scotland was the highest-ranking noble in Scotland, while the Lord Paramount of Ireland was the highest-ranking noble in Ireland.
Today, the term "lord paramount" is mainly used in historical contexts and has largely fallen out of use.
Lord-Paramount.html
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Feudal Barons
Feudal-Barons.html
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The Lord Baron of the Fief Blondel Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
The-Seigneur.html
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Royal charters applying to the Channel Islands
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This is a list of charters promulgated by Monarchs of England that specifically relate to the islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney or Sark which together form the Channel Islands, also known as the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey.
Forming part of Brittany and then Normandy in the 10th and 11th centuries, the Duke of Normandy, in 1066, took the Crown of England.
The physical location of the Channel Islands became important when the English Monarchs began to lose their French possessions and the islands became the front line in a series of wars with France that lasted for centuries. Loyalty to the English Crown was rewarded.
The Charters are given in the form of Letters patent being a form of open or public proclamation and generally conclude with: In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. (in witness whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent.)[1]: 42–44 The Charters being confirmed by the Council in Parliament, or by the Parliament of England.[2]
Contents
1 List
2 See also
3 Further reading
4 References
5 External links
List
The legal materials are as follows:
Year Monarch J G A S Subject Notes
1279 Edward I Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Charter granting Seal to the Bailiff. [3]
1341 Edward III Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick For continued faithfulness, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. [1]: 1–4
1378 Richard II Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs as regards persons, goods and monies, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. [4][1]: 5–10
1394 Richard II Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick In consideration of good behavior and great loyalty, granted the peoples and communities to be free of all tolls, duties and customs in England, provided the loyalty continues, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 5–10
1400 Henry IV Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs as regards persons, goods and monies, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. [1]: 11–14
1414 Henry V Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs as regards persons, goods and monies, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. [1]: 15–19
1442 Henry VI Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs as regards persons, goods and monies, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 20–7
1465 Edward IV Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs as regards persons, goods and monies, and to be free of all tolls, duties and customs in Kingdom of England, provided the loyalty continues, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 28–38
1469 Edward IV Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, and in addition, for the recapture of Mont Orgueil castle, grant its peoples and communities to be free of all tolls, duties, customs, subsidies, pontages, panages, murages, tallages, fossages and other dues in the Kingdom of England and all our lands and islands, provided the loyalty continues, and to have all their rights, liberties and franchises free without fine or fee, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. [1]: 28–38
1470 Edward IV Green tick Green tick Red X Red X Edward IV accepts £2,833.6s.8d from Guernsey and Jersey as recompense for recapturing Jersey and Mont Orgueil. [5][1]: 28–38
1483 Richard III Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, grant continuation of privileges, liberties, immunities, exemptions and customs as regards persons, goods and monies, and to be free of all tolls, duties and customs in Kingdom of England, provided the loyalty continues, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 39–44
1485 Henry VII Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, and for the recapture of Mont Orgueil castle, grant its peoples and communities to be free of all tolls, duties, customs and expand to include subsidies, pontages, panages, murages, tallages, fossages and other dues in the Kingdom of England and all our lands and islands, provided the loyalty continues, and to have all their rights, liberties and franchises free without fine or fee, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 45–50
1494 Henry VII Green tick Red X Red X Red X Charter to reconcile division between Governor and peoples of Jersey and suppress oppression of population, confirming only Jurats could confine a prisoner, except for treason and the governor had no jurisdiction in Jersey, secular or ecclesiastical. [6][7]
1510 Henry VIII Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, and for the recapture of Mont Orgueil castle, grant its peoples and communities to be free of all tolls, duties, customs, subsidies, pontages, panages, murages, tallages, fossages and other dues in the Kingdom of England and all our lands and islands, provided the loyalty continues, and to have all their rights, liberties and franchises free without fine or fee, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 51–6
1548 Edward VI Green tick Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, and for the recapture of Mont Orgueil castle, grant its peoples and communities to be free of all tolls, duties, customs, subsidies, pontages, panages, murages, tallages, fossages and other dues in the Kingdom of England and all our lands and islands, provided the loyalty continues, and to have all their rights, liberties and franchises free without fine or fee, including heirs and successors.
Additions: As regards exporting wheat a limit of 12d per quarter duty and for wool 3s 6d per 150 pounds. As regards use of Islands by foreign shipping during time of war, without condemnation or interference (making Islands neutral). Granted by us and our heirs.
[8][1]: 57–67
1553 Mary I Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, and for the recapture of Mont Orgueil castle, grant its peoples and communities to be free of all tolls, duties, customs, subsidies, pontages, panages, murages, tallages, fossages and other dues in the Kingdom of England and all our lands and islands, provided the loyalty continues, and to have all their rights, liberties and franchises free without fine or fee, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 68–73
1559 Elizabeth I Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirm for continued faithfulness and because of the great dangers and costs, and for the recapture of Mont Orgueil castle, grant its peoples and communities to be free of all theolonian taxes, customs, subsidies, pontages, panages, murages, tallages, fossages in the Kingdom of England and all our lands and islands, provided the loyalty continues, and to have all their rights, liberties and franchises free without fine or fee, including heirs and successors. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 74–94
1560 Elizabeth I Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick In recognition of the faithfulness, obedience and service and regarding the various rights granted by previous Monarchs, grant the following rights:
Its peoples and communities to be free of all tributes, tolls, customs, subsidies, hidage, taylage, pontage, panage, murage, fossage, works, and warlike expeditions (except in the event of the Monarch is held in prison) and of all other contributions whether given by charter, grant or other method in the Kingdom of England and all our provinces, dominions and territories.
In time of war, merchant ships from all nations may shelter and trade in the Islands without danger in remaining or departing to their ships, persons or goods, within sight of the Islands.
The bailiffs, jurats and magistrates rights to uphold the laws and hear pleadings, except for the ancient right of royal appeal.
The bailiff, jurats and peoples of the Islands shall not be forced to appear before any court in the Kingdom of England for any reason other than by Royal determination.
Confirmation of rights, jurisdictions, immunities, impunities, indemnities, exemptions, liberties, franchises and privileges given to bailiff, jurats, people and merchants, irrespective of place of birth.
Saving the allegiance, subjection and obedience of all Islanders irrespective of length of time in the islands and the regalities, privileges, incomes, revenues, tributes and other rights due to the Monarch.
The right to seek further letters patent without payment to the hanaper. Granted by us and our heirs.
GG [1]: 74–94
1562 Elizabeth I Green tick Red X Red X Red X Confirmation of previous charters and additions:
Exemption of all taxes and duties unless the Sovereign is in prison.
Confirmation of jurisdiction of Jersey Royal Court on civil and criminal matters.
That the peoples of the Island shall not be forced to appear before any court in the Kingdom of England for any reason other than by Royal determination.
[9]
1565 Elizabeth I Red X Red X Red X Green tick Charter granting Fief of Sark to Hellier de Carteret on payment of 50 shillings a year provided supplying at least 40 men armed with muskets to defend the island. [10] GG [1]: 74–94
1604
(Apr) James I Green tick Red X Red X Red X Confirms previous rights including the rights to local justice, not allowing English writs to apply to islanders, non local inhabitants and merchants are also protected, levy of 12 pence on a quarter of grain and 3/6d per pound of wool. Free commerce in time of war and exemption from duties and tolls. [11]
1604
(Dec) James I Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Confirms Charter of 1560. Granted by us and our heirs. GG [1]: 95–115
1605 James I Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Adds to Charter of 1560:
Free of any custom, subsidy, tonnage or poundage on goods growing, coming from, made or produced in islands and taken to realm of England.
To continue to charge a pettie Custume on imports to Guernsey to pay for the harbour development and public works.
The continuing right to weigh and measure merchandise and to charge fees, for an annual rent of twenty shillings.
GG [1]: 95–115
1627 Charles I Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Adds to Charter of 1605:
Inclusion of "incorporations" regarding customs.
Giving all lands and incomes previously given to churches, schools and hospitals to the bailiff, jurats and people of Guernsey, to be used solely for the benefit of the churches, schools and hospitals.
To continue providing Castle Cornet in Guernsey with victuals, including 100 tuns (1 tun holds 252 gallons) of beer, 600 flitches of bacon, 1,200 pounds of butter etc. in exchange for the rights to import 500 tuns of beer, 50 dickers (a dicker is 10 hides) of leather, 25 dozen calueskinnes (parchment) and 500 toddes of wool (a tod is 28lbs).
To import items needed for Castle Cornet from England without taxes, but needing written requisition from the castle. To import other goods, except munitions up to a value of £150 of duty, duty free and limiting ports.
GG [1]: 116–143
1668 Charles II Red X Green tick Green tick Green tick Reconfirms Charter of 1627. GG [1]: 144–170
1687 James II Green tick Red X Red X Red X Confirms privileges granted to Jersey by James I and granting further liberties. [12]
GG – Charter held in Guernsey Greffe
See also
Law of Guernsey
Law of Jersey
Further reading
Thornton, Tim. The Charters of Guernsey (Woodfield Publishing, 2004)
References
Thornton, Tim (2004). The Charters of Guernsey. Woodfield Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903953-65-5.
The Guernsey and Jersey Magazine Volumes 1–2. p. 364.
"Seals XXXIX". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
"D/AP/Z/1". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
"L/F/386". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
"L/F/99/A/2". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
Shebbeare, John (1771). An Authentic Narrative of the Oppressions of the Islanders of Jersey: Volume 1.
"BL Royal MS13 B1, IVI, no.6". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
Staff Of The Attorney‐General's Cha (13 August 2010). "Jersey constitutional status". Commonwealth Law Bulletin. 12 (2): 556–560. doi:10.1080/03050718.1986.9985860.
"Sark marks 450 years of Royal Charter". BBC News. BBC. 6 August 2015.
Thornton, Tim. The Channel Islands, 1370–1640: Between England and Normandy: 133 .
"D/AP/Z/9". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
Charter-of-Liberties.html
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The Conveyance of a Title heritable
Deed-&-Title.html
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Rollo the Vikings Kingdoms and Fiefs Duke Normandy Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
Viking-Kingdom.html
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Extended-Continental-Shelf.html
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Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
Fief-Worship.html
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Fiefs Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel Mentz George Mentz Lord Baron Fief of Blondel Freiherr Duke Normandy Duchess King Queen Noble Titles St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
Fiefs-of-the-Islands.html
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fief de l'Eperon
a certain fief called the
fief Thomas Blondel being in the said parishes, parcel of the fief au Canely containing about
three bouvées of land called the Bouvée Phlipot Pain, lying in the said parish of St Pierre du
Bois, and the bouvées Torquetil and Bourgeon with the fief de l'Eperon lying in the said
parish of Torteval and likewise all and such seigneuries, dignities, liberties, graces and
franchises as to the aforesaid fiefs and each of them attach and belong with a certain dinner
which the said Jenete takes and owns annually for an estate of inheritance, she claims, on the fief of the Prior of Lihou
Fief-de-l'Eperon.html
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Thomas Blondel Seal Privy Seal Guernsey
Blondel-Privy-Seal.html
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Bouvees of Fief Thomas Blondel Guernsey
Bouvees of the Fief Thomas Blondel – A Parcel du Fief Au Cannely
Special Note: The Bouvees of Blondel are in St Pierre du Bois and Torteval Parishes within the ancient 2 large fiefs of the island’s Vicomtes or Counts.
The 7 Bouvees of Fief Thomas Blondel are:
1. Bouvee es Paints
2. Bouvees Torquetil et Bourgeron
3. Bouvee dite de Thomas Guilbert
4. Bouvee de la Bufardiere
5. Demie-bouvee a Louvestre
6. Bouvee dite de Surcousse
7. Bouvee dite de Duquemin
The Last Douzaine of Fief Blondel in the Livres de Perchage
1. Laurence Guille
2. George_william Le Ray
3. Daniel-Nicholas Girard
4. Walter-Peter Girard
5. John Mahy
6. John-Alfred Tostevin
7. Pierre-Tostevin
8. Reginald-Franklyn De Garis
9. Walter-Frederic Gallienne
10. Sydney-John Brehaut
Bouvees-of-Fief-Thomas-Blondel-Guernsey.html
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(Fief Duquemin) Bouvée dite de Duquemin or Fief Du Quemin - T Robilliard (Pleinmont) was lord of the Fief Bouvée Duquemin in Torteval in the late 1800s. Bouvée Duquemin was also part of Fief Thomas Blondel territory. See: Fiefs and their Seigneurs. From Guerin's Almanack, 1890, in the Library's News Cuttings on Guernsey IV, p. 79, Staff. https://www.priaulxlibrary.co.uk/articles/article/lords-manors
fiefbouvee
Citation about the Fiefs
Fief Bouvee Duquemin reference: Guernesey | Les iles Anglo-Normande | Le Petit Manchot | histoire patrimoine personnage (le-petit-manchot.fr)
Duquemin-canelly
Fief-DuQuemin.html
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Bouvée Phlipot Pain
fief de l'Eperon
a certain fief called the
fief Thomas Blondel being in the said parishes, parcel of the fief au Canely containing about
three bouvées of land called the Bouvée Phlipot Pain, lying in the said parish of St Pierre du
Bois, and the bouvées Torquetil and Bourgeon with the fief de l'Eperon lying in the said
parish of Torteval and likewise all and such seigneuries, dignities, liberties, graces and
franchises as to the aforesaid fiefs and each of them attach and belong with a certain dinner
which the said Jenete takes and owns annually for an estate of inheritance, she claims, on the fief of the Prior of Lihou
Bouvée-Phlipot-Pain.html
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Bouvée Torquetil
Bouvée Phlipot Pain
fief de l'Eperon
a certain fief called the
fief Thomas Blondel being in the said parishes, parcel of the fief au Canely containing about
three bouvées of land called the Bouvée Phlipot Pain, lying in the said parish of St Pierre du
Bois, and the bouvées Torquetil and Bourgeon with the fief de l'Eperon lying in the said
parish of Torteval and likewise all and such seigneuries, dignities, liberties, graces and
franchises as to the aforesaid fiefs and each of them attach and belong with a certain dinner
which the said Jenete takes and owns annually for an estate of inheritance, she claims, on the fief of the Prior of Lihou
Bouvée-Torquetil.html
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Bouvée Bourgeon
Bouvée Torquetil
Bouvée Phlipot Pain
fief de l'Eperon
a certain fief called the
fief Thomas Blondel being in the said parishes, parcel of the fief au Canely containing about
three bouvées of land called the Bouvée Phlipot Pain, lying in the said parish of St Pierre du
Bois, and the bouvées Torquetil and Bourgeon with the fief de l'Eperon lying in the said
parish of Torteval and likewise all and such seigneuries, dignities, liberties, graces and
franchises as to the aforesaid fiefs and each of them attach and belong with a certain dinner
which the said Jenete takes and owns annually for an estate of inheritance, she claims, on the fief of the Prior of Lihou
Bouvée-Bourgeon.html
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Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
Channel-Island-History.html
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Court Guernsey The chief pleas of the Seignorial court of Fief Thomas Blondel were held annually at the Fiefs Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel Mentz George Mentz Lord Baron Fief of Blondel Freiherr Duke Normandy Duchess King Queen Noble Titles mounting block or steps (perron) of the Church of St. Pierre-du-Bois. Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
Feif-Court.html
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Styles form of address Historically, fiefs, small baronnies of land, were granted as a form of over-lordship, giving the Free-Lord or Seigneurs the rights over the people and property on that land under the ancient norman feudal system.
Style of Seigneur - As per the The Feudal Dues (Guernsey) Law, 1980 Style of Seigneur of a fief etc. Section 4. The foregoing provisions of this Law shall be without prejudice –
(a) to the right of any person to use, in the case of a male person, the style of Seigneur and, in the case of a female person, the style of Dame, of a fief,
(b) to the feudal relationship between Her Majesty and any person holding an interest in a private fief on or at any time after the commencement of this Law, or to the feudal relationship between any person holding an interest in any fief and any person holding an interest in a dependency of that fief, and
(c) to the right or obligation of any person by virtue of that person holding an interest in any fief which is not a right to which those provisions apply or any obligation correlative thereto.
www.guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=71301&p=0
Styles-and-Dignities.html
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Portelet Beach Roquaine Bay Guernsey
Fief-Blondel-Islands.html
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Court of Chief Pleas
Court-of-Chief-Pleas.html
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THE Chevalier Order of the Genet
L'Ordre de la Genette
Charles Martel created the Ordre de la Genette in 732 after defeating the Arabs at Poitiers, supposedly because many furs of this animal were found in the loot. The genet is a small carnivore of the civet family (gen. Genetta, fam. Viverridae), whose fur was used in the Middle Ages (cf. Ducange's Glossarium, vol. 4 p. 54, s.v. geneta, citing a 1244 manuscript describing the cloak of a countess as "fouranda et orla de geneta"; see also Godefroy's Dictionnaire de l'ancien français, vol. 4, page 258).
order of the genet oldest order oldest crusader order oldest knighthood oldest knights oldest french orders oldest french religious orders oldest monestary oldest convent oldest nobility knighthood
Genêt - Wikipedia
was instituted by Charles Martel, in the year 726, on account of a great victory obtained by him over the Saracens, under their leader Abdiramo. It is said by Favin to have been the FIRST Order of Knighthood ever seen in France, though others
assert the contrary ; but, however that may be, it continued in high esteem, from the time of its institution,until the Carlovinian race were driven from the throne by Hugh Capet, when it became gradually disrespected, and in the end extinct. The number of Knights of it was limited to sixteen, and those of the sirst rank in the kingdom.
The noble and royal collar consists of three gold chains, interlaced with red enamelled roses; to the centre rose is. pendent the badge of the Order, viz. a Genet Sejant, enamelled Blue, spotted Red, and collared Gold, on a mount Green, enamelled with flowers Proper, Sec plate 28.
Order-of-Genet-Knights-Chevalier-Knighthood-France-Frankonia-Order-L'Ordre-de-la-Genette-Genêt-Knights-Holy.html
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THE Chevalier Order of the Genet
L'Ordre de la Genette
Charles Martel created the Ordre de la Genette in 732 after defeating the Arabs at Poitiers, supposedly because many furs of this animal were found in the loot. The genet is a small carnivore of the civet family (gen. Genetta, fam. Viverridae), whose fur was used in the Middle Ages (cf. Ducange's Glossarium, vol. 4 p. 54, s.v. geneta, citing a 1244 manuscript describing the cloak of a countess as "fouranda et orla de geneta"; see also Godefroy's Dictionnaire de l'ancien français, vol. 4, page 258).
order of the genet oldest order oldest crusader order oldest knighthood oldest knights oldest french orders oldest french religious orders oldest monestary oldest convent oldest nobility knighthood
Genêt - Wikipedia
was instituted by Charles Martel, in the year 726, on account of a great victory obtained by him over the Saracens, under their leader Abdiramo. It is said by Favin to have been the FIRST Order of Knighthood ever seen in France, though others
assert the contrary ; but, however that may be, it continued in high esteem, from the time of its institution,until the Carlovinian race were driven from the throne by Hugh Capet, when it became gradually disrespected, and in the end extinct. The number of Knights of it was limited to sixteen, and those of the sirst rank in the kingdom.
The noble and royal collar consists of three gold chains, interlaced with red enamelled roses; to the centre rose is. pendent the badge of the Order, viz. a Genet Sejant, enamelled Blue, spotted Red, and collared Gold, on a mount Green, enamelled with flowers Proper, Sec plate 28.
Order-of-the-Genet-Knighthood.html
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Order of the Star Est. 1022 Ordre de l'Étoile
France
Frankonia
Order-of-the-Star-Est.-1022.html
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Territorial Waters for Lord Seigneurs of Fiefs of Guernsey
Guernsey is a self-governing dependency of the Crown with its own directly elected legislative assembly, its own administrative, fiscal, feudal, and legal systems, and its own courts of law.
Guernsey, a British Crown Dependency located in the English Channel, has control over its fishing rights within its territorial waters. The extent of Guernsey's territorial waters is determined by international law and extends up to 12 nautical miles (approximately 13.8 regular miles or 22.2 kilometers) from its coastline. Within this zone, Guernsey has sovereignty and control over fisheries management and regulations. https://www.jerseylaw.je/publications/jglr/Pages/JLR1006_Falle.aspx
However, through cases like La Paz Holdings, the foreshore, fishing rights, and territorial waters in front of the foreshore belong to the Seigneur or Dame who has feudal and manorial rights to the beach, treasure, fish, seaweed and waters.
There are roughly 24 private fiefs on the Island. Based on the existing maps, there may only be 10-15 fiefs that actually have sovereign foreshore and beach territory exposed to the ocean and Fief Thomas Blondel is one of them.
The Bailiwick of Guernsey (French : Bailliage de Guernesey ; Guernésiais : Bailliage dé Guernési ) is a self-governing British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy , France, comprising several of the Channel Islands . It has a total land area of 78 square kilometres (30 sq mi) and an estimated total population of 67,334.
The Fiefs of Guernsey are co-equal with the Crown or King Charles on the land holdings. The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it "the sovereign's public estate", which is neither government property nor part of the monarch's private estate. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Wikipedia articles say that: The sovereign has an official, but not personal claim to the estate, is not involved with the management or administration of the estate, and has no control of its affairs. For all practical purposes it is state property, [7] and in part funds the monarchy. With this statement said, then the fief owners are sole owners of the foreshore and territorial waters as the Crown may have abandoned the rights.
Foreshore Approximately 55% of the UK's foreshore is owned by the Crown Estate; other owners of UK foreshore include the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster. In Orkney, Guernsey, and Shetland, the Crown does not claim ownership of foreshore.[76]
While Guernsey claims 12 miles, the Seigneur of Fief Thomas Blondel claims 200 miles from 3 different foreshore areas in Guernsey. Beyond the 12-mile limit, Guernsey's fishing rights are subject to international agreements and negotiations with neighboring countries, primarily France, as well as the European Union. These agreements govern access to fishing grounds and the allocation of quotas for various fish species. The specifics of these agreements can change over time and may vary depending on the political and economic circumstances. Since, Fief Blondel was not a part of any of these territorial waters, seabed, seasted, island, and reef/rocks agreements, the owner of these foreshores and waters maintains independent and sovereign rights over any and all lands, rocks, reefs, seabed, fishing, oil and gas, minerals, port, and marina rights related to such territory.
The Crown Estate plays a major role in the development of the offshore wind energy industry in the UK. Other commercial activity managed by the Crown Estate on the seabed includes wave and tidal energy, carbon capture and storage , aggregates, submarine cables and pipelines and the mining of potash . In terms of the foreshore, the Crown Estate issue licences or leases for around 850 aquaculture sites and owns marina space for approximately 18,000 moorings. As of 2020 , marine holdings had a value of £4.1 billion. [77]
The seigneurs of fiefs in Guernsey historically held certain fishing rights associated with their fiefdoms. A fief is a piece of land in Guernsey that is subject to feudal tenure, and the Seigneur or Dame is the feudal lord who historically held authority over the land and its resources, including fishing rights. These rights go back over 1000 years.
These fishing rights varied from fief to fief and were typically inherited or granted as part of the feudal system. The rights could include the privilege to fish in specific areas or to collect certain types of seafood, such as oysters or seaweed, within the boundaries of the fief. These days, the rights may extend to the seabed out 12-200 miles with regard to off shore rigs and oil exploration. https://gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=3857&p=0
In some legal instances, The Guernsey Government had to pay people with rights to the foreshore and business that would be damaged for loss of earnings. Along the southern shores of the Braye du Valle had been salt pans, their owners receiving compensation for their loss. [1] The saltpan businesses receiving £1,750, with the other owners being paid £1,500. In total £3,250 was paid out. [5]
With the Crown Islands - The fiefs own the seabed below high water mark to the 12-mile limit and also owns minerals and petroleum (the property in all minerals existing in natural condition; all mines for the working of such minerals; and all petroleum existing in natural condition) on, in or under the sea bed beneath the extended territorial sea and retains the rights to coal in the territorial sea.
When the foreshore was gifted to the public, many lawyers specified that parts of the foreshore are subject to fiefs and owned by the Private Lord Seigneurs and therefore the whole of the foreshore is not owned by the public as the Crown cannot give what is not theirs to give. submission - julian mallinson initial submission - foreshore encroachment policy review - 16 april 2019.pdf (gov.je)
Similarly, in the 1953 case at the International Court of Justice over the Minquiers and Écréhous groups in the Channel Islands, the court rejected a French claim based on historic presence and fishing rights that is remarkably similar to Chinese historic claims in the South China Sea. Instead, the court awarded the features to England based on subsequent exercise of jurisdiction over them by the Manorial court of the fief. Territorial and Law of the Sea Disputes | Center for International Maritime Security | Page 10 (cimsec.org)
https://statesassembly.gov.je/scrutinyreviewsubmissions/submission%20-%20r%20falle%20-%20foreshore%20encroachment%20policy%20review%20-%207%20january%202021.pdf
Report - Foreshore Encroachment Policy Review - 14 January 2021.pdf (gov.je)
https://jerseyeveningpost.com/news/2015/05/28/queens-foreshore-gift-could-cost-islanders-millions-warns-advocate/
Jersey & Guernsey Law Review – June 2008 THE CUSTOMARY LAW about THE FORESHORE (1)" (PDF) . Retrieved 21 June 2023 .
Queen's foreshore gift could cost Islanders millions, warns advocate - Jersey Evening Post
S.O.U.L. (udallaw.com) & The Case for Udal Law.
International Law Relating to Islands | Brill
The Sovereignty of the Sea, by Thomas Wemyss Fulton.--a Project Gutenberg eBook
ch-12-legislative-system.pdf (gov.im) Isle of Man
im_31CommLWorldRev368.pdf (uniset.ca) Is the Isle of Man an Independent Nation
An Historical Account of Guernsey, From Its First Settlement Before the ... - Thomas. Dicey - Google Books
International Enclopedia of Comparative Law - Google Books
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Knights of the Thistle of Bour∣bon
order of the thistle burbon
Knights of the Thistle of Bour∣bon.
order of the thistle
THIS Order was instituted on New-years-day 1370. by Lewis the Second, Duke of Bourbon, for the corroborating his power and interest for the Aid of Charles Duke of Orleans, and of his two Brothers Philip and Iohn, against the Faction of the House of Bur∣gundy. The set number of these Knights were Six and twenty, of which himself and his Suc∣cessors, Dukes of Bourbon, were chief.
Their Habit was a Mantle of Skie-coloured Damask, lined with red Satin, with broad Welts of Gold embroidered on the Collar. The Bonnet was of green Velvet, with a Tassel of Gold and crimson Silk hanging on the Band:
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Their great Collar was of Gold, wrought and enameled with green; at the bottom where∣of, in an Oval, hung the figure of their Pa∣troness the blessed Virgin; as also the head of a Thistle enameled green and white. And these Knights were obliged daily to wear a Girdle or Belt of watchet Velvet embroidered with Gold, in the midst of which was wrought the word Esperance.
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Mentz Arms Motto Flower
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Chancellor Bishop
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Hereditiments Manorial Rights
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THE ANGLO-NORMAN ISLANDS
GUERNESEY
Saint Peter Port
The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a dependency of the British crown in the English Channel off the French coast. In addition to the island of Guernsey itself, it also includes Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jéthou, Brecqhou, Burhou and other small islands. Together with Jersey, they form the archipelago known as the Channel Islands. Guernsey translates to "Guernsey" in English.
The Jersey people call the Guernsey “donkeys” or “donkeys” according to their language and the latter in turn call them “toads”, because this animal does not exist in Guernsey.
Guernsey has an area of 62 km².
The landscapes are contrasted there. Bordered by cliffs on the south coast (altitude 100 m) the island gradually sinks as one gets closer to the north coast. The spectacular and jagged landscapes of the south coast give way to meadows and hilly woods of the interior, while to the north, the low and sandy coast is indented with well sheltered bays.
Its capital, Saint Peter Port, is one of the liveliest and most picturesque cities of the archipelago. It is in this city that Victor Hugo lived in exile from October 31, 1855 to August 15, 1870. He will return there three times , in 1872 where there was one year left, one week in April 1875, and almost four months in 1878.
COAT OF ARMS
The coat of arms of Guernsey , like that of Jersey, is made up of the coat of arms of England and that of Normandy. This coat of arms, unlike the others, incorporates a small branch at its top.
It is composed of a field of gules, in which appear three lions (or leopard in heraldry) of gold and armed with azure. Above is a small gold branch.
The arms are those of the Kingdom of England. They are identical to those used by Jersey (with the exception of the small gold branch on the arms of Guernsey). Although in use since 1290, the use of the royal arms by the Channel Islands was accepted in 1907, but never officially granted
FLAG
The flag of Guernsey , a dependency of the British Crown, was adopted on May 9, 1985, on the 40 th anniversary of the liberation of the island.
Originally, the flag of Guernsey consisted simply of the cross of Saint George. Mention is made of this flag from 1936. However, there was some confusion between this and that of England. To put an end to it, a committee was formed under the chairmanship of Sir Graham Dorey, deputy bailiff at the time, who then proposed to continue using the Cross of Saint George, with the addition of the cross pattée d'or appearing on the standard of William the Conqueror.
The civilian merchant pavilion is made up of the Red Ensign with the gold cross on the side.
Companies which are registered and have their registered office on the island may fly the flag of Guernsey on their vessels, when operating in the waters adjacent to the Channel Islands.
Flag
File: Civil Ensign of Guernsey.svg
Merchant pavilion
...
HISTORY
During the Bretons' migration to Armorica in the 6th century, they occupied the Channel Islands (then called the Lenur Islands) which were on their route. At that time, Guernsey was called Lesia. It was part of the kingdom of Brittany in the 9th century but was subject to Viking incursions from that time. In the year 933, the King of France gave Avranchin and Cotentin (on which Lesia / Guernesey depended) to the Duke of Normandy Guillaume Longue-Epée, with the charge of conquering them.
The island of Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last vestiges of the medieval Duchy of Normandy, divided since 1204 between England and France That year, the King of France Philippe-Auguste conquered mainland Normandy, the King of England John Landless retaining the Channel Islands. Despite numerous French attempts, Guernsey and its neighbors will remain under the scepter of the King of England, reigning here under the title of "Duke of Normandy".
These islands were the only dependent territories of the British crown occupied by Germany during the Second World War and were the scene of Operation Ambassador
CASTLE CORNET
THE CORNEILLES CASTLE
The fortifications of this castle are almost eight centuries old. When King John the Landless lost Normandy to France in 1204, Guernsey chose to remain loyal to the English king. The island immediately felt threatened by the French and the islanders decided to build Castle Cornet to protect themselves from it. Construction began in 1206 and lasted almost 20 years. During the Hundred Years War, the French and the English fought for it bitterly and it passed from hand to hand several times, after fierce battles.
As military techniques progressed, the castle was constantly reinforced and modified. During the civil war that tore England apart, the governor of Guernsey, Peter Osborne, withdrew there and challenged the rest of the island which had sided with Cromwell. The castle had to undergo a siege of nearly 9 years, siege during which it received the very precious support of Jersey, who remained loyal to its sovereign. More than 100,000 cannon balls were then fired against the castle.
With the restoration of royalty, it was the jail of Sir John Lambert, former general of Cromwell, of whom it was feared that he would take over the succession. But Lambert had become peaceful again, and he occupied his captivity lovingly arranging the gardens of the castle, which can be visited today. In 1672 a dramatic accident took place. During a severe thunderstorm, lightning fell on the ammunition depot, which exploded. The blast caused the dungeon to collapse, sweeping away the lodge where Lady Hatton, the governor's wife was, who died buried.
During the Napoleonic era, for fear of a new attack from the French, Castle Cornet was modernized and armed with formidable cannons, which ultimately never served.
Guernsey Castle ( Castle Cornet)
When hostilities between the English and the French ended, the castle served as an arsenal, prison and barracks. Its military function was abandoned until 1940, when the Germans invaded the island. They concreted certain parts of the castle in order to integrate it into their defense system, the Atlantic wall.
POLITICS
The States of Guernsey, officially called the States of Deliberation, are made up of 59 members, of which 45 are deputies, elected by districts with one or more members every 4 years, and 10 are parish dozen representing parish authorities. There are 2 representatives of Alderney and Sark, which are self-governing dependencies of the bailiwick. There are also 2 non-voting members - the Attorney General and the Advocate General, both appointed by the monarch. Laws passed by states are called 'Ordinances'.
Since 2004 there is a system of ministerial government. The legal system is derived from Norman and English laws, with justice administered by the Royal Court.
ADMINISTRATION
The island of Guernsey is divided into ten administrative cantons, called parishes:
Lihou, an island accessible at low tide, is part of the parish of Saint-Pierre-du-Bois.
Parish Nice
1 Saint-Pierre-Port Villais
2 Le Valle Valais
3 Sainte-Marie-du-Câtel Câtelains
4 Saint-Samson Saint-Samsonnais
5 Saint-Martin-de-la-Bellouse Saint-Martinais
6 Saint-Sauveur Saint-Sauveurais
7 Saint-André-de-la-Pommeraye Saint-Andriais
8 Saint-Pierre-du-Bois Saint-Pierrais
9 The Forest Forestains
10 Torteval Tortevalais File: Gu map.gif
THE FEODAL SYSTEM
Without any political or judicial power for several decades, the feudal system of Guernsey has been maintained to this day. There are officially 75 fiefdoms, at the head of which is a "lord" or a "lady". The British Crown in the person of the Duke of Normandy , Queen Elizabeth II actually owns 29 of its fiefdoms, most of which belonged to abbeys or to Lower Norman priories, before the 16th century. This fact, in 2004, there were 24 private lords totaling 46 lordships inherited from this feudal system. , except that two of these 46 seigneuries are in joint possession between several owners. These fiefdoms belong to very old local lineages which have given rise to numerous officers, bailiffs, jurats and lawyers. These few families reunite in their hands, following endogamous marriages, several of the small rural fiefdoms, resulting from the divisions made over the course of history, according to the precepts of Norman customary law, still in force.
As in England and according to a centuries-old system, the fiefs can be sold by the lords to other individuals. Each lord is required, according to custom, to give evidence and homage to the duke or his representative. This tribute is sometimes staged during the Queen's State visits to the Channel Islands.
Unlike the Lord of Sark, the Gueurnesiais lords only retained the feudal rights, but lost all their properly seigneurial rights since the 19th century and in the following. The lords played a social role until the first half of the twentieth century. The feudal courts have also practically disappeared, with the exception of the courts of the fief Le Comte (Lenfestey family) or the fief of Blanchelande (to the bailiff of Guernsey, ex officio, in Saint-Martin). The seneschal of a fief, and his officers were usually chosen from among the inhabitants of the fief, as required by feudal customs. In the example of the fief of Blanchelande, which once belonged to a priory of the former abbey of Blanchelande (in Neufmesnil, France, Manche), the court of the fief still consists today of the seneschal, four vavasseurs, and officers who are the clerk and his clerk, the provost, a sergeant and an attic . In the fiefdoms, this court was held either in a special room or room for plaids, or on a stone bench located on a main axis of the seigneury. Some of these benches have been preserved.
The 1980 Feudal Dues Law Act definitively extinguished the privacy of the remaining seignorial royalties by transferring them to the benefit of the Crown. In 2002, a complementary law provided for the abolition in 2003 of the right of "thirteenth" (transfer tax) for the benefit of private lords, due to the exemption enjoyed by farms held in fiefs and free fiefs (seigneuries). . This tax now goes to the Crown .
The lords and ladies of the most important Guernsey fiefs traditionally sit in the Court of Chief pleas , with lawyers practicing on the island and the constables elected from the parishes, during its solemn sessions "en corps" (or full court ), ie three times. per year. To sit, the Lords and Ladies must have paid homage of their fiefdom to the Crown or its representative, the Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey. However, even if the presence of the lords and ladies is compulsory at these three sessions, they no longer oppose the debate but only respond to their name. This survival indicates, however, that the Guernsey lordships have retained their moral and legal personalities .
Having become owners of several seigneuries (in English: manors ), a certain number of seigneurial dwellings have been converted into luxury hotels (Hôtel de La Barbarie, for the fief of Blanchelande, or the manor of Longueville, in Saint-Sauveur), or quite simply sold, which customary law allows. Some lords have maintained the area rich in rare botanical essences, and open it to visitors, such as the manor of Sausmarez ( Sausmarez Manor ) . It still belongs to the family of Sausmarez, one of the oldest on the island along with that of De Carterets.
A similar situation exists in Jersey.
GUERNESEY TITLES
EN 1020 Duke Richard II divides Guernsey diagonally in two halves, granting from the south-east to Néel, Vicomte du Cotentin and from the west to Anchetel, Vicomte du Bessin. Le Clos du Valle was apparently wasteland. The two initial strongholds had some vicissitudes, but at the time of the conquest of England both returned to the families of the original holders.
Evolution of the Fief of Bessin:
The Fief of Bessin consisting of the Vintaine de L'Epine and the parishes of Castel, Saint-Sauveur and Saint Pierre-du-Bois, which became Fief Le Comte in 1120 when Ranulf the "Vicomte du Bessin" was created Count of Chester. 12th century, the fief was divided into sub-fiefs: Fiez Rozel, Fief Longues, Fief Suart and Fief Sotuas. The Fief San Michel originated from a donation of uncultivable wasteland to the monastery of that name. After 1204 the fief that Suart divided into two parts, one has the Crown while the rest was named Reveaux fiefdom. Half of the Suart Fief kept by the Crown while the other half given to the Revel family led to the emergence of the Fief de Gohiers, Fief de la Pomare and others.
Agricultural Developments and Sales in the Fief Le Compte originated from new sub-fiefdoms like Fief Groignet, Fief Carteret, Fief Grantez or Fief Videclin. Likewise, land transfers from St. Michel represented the Fief Saumarez and the Fief Jean du Galliard.
Evolution of the Fief du Cotentin:
After the battle in Val Dunes (1047), Duke William II created and granted several ecclesiastical fiefdoms. From 1144 to 1150 the whole island belonged to Geoffrey d'Anjou. The wasteland of the Fief du Cotentin as part of Geoffrey's possessions, which became under his son Fief Le Roi. New sub-fiefdoms arose during the 11th and 12th centuries as Fief Aux Fay and Fief Burons. The Fief Au Fay took place by the payment of a pair of silver spurs and the Burons Fief by the payment of a pair of golden ears. Both were combined as the Fief des Eperons (spurs) with the obligation to pay a pair of vermeil spurs.
After 1204 the Crown obtains certain territories holders of previous Norman form which decided to pay homage to France, thus losing their island territories. It is at the origin of some strongholds such as the Fief des Bruniaux, Fief Au Marchant and Fief Hailla. Fief of Sausmarez originated in Fief Barneville. From St. Martin s and linked to the defense of the church comes Fief de la Velleresse (velleresse to watch = keep a watch on the coast, having this obligation)
Stronghold The King originated Stronghold of Rozel formerly held by the Cotentin de Rosel family, which passed to the Crown in 1204 with the stronghold granted by Duke Guillaume II to the abbey of Marmoutiers. Geoffrey d'Anjou established in 1150 when he was developing his plans for the invasion of two military strongholds De Vaugrat from England and Bruniaux in the parish of St. Sampson. Fief Anneville granted by Henry III to Sir William de Cheny in 1248 is also from this parish.
The evolution of the land in the parish of Torteval is complicated, because although initially in the Fief du Cotentin, many of its fiefs cover St. Pierre-du-Bois, which is part of the Fief du Bessin.
The original Fief Au Cannely (granted to the Cherbourg family and, naturally, on the territory of the Fief du Cotentin) was replaced by several sub-fiefs of marriages and establishments: Fief Guillot Justice, Fief Janin Besnard, Fief de Thomas Blondel , Fief Bouvée Duquemin, Fief Robert de Va (or de Ver), Fief Jean du Gaillard (which passed to the Crown at the beginning of the 16th century), etc. A perplexing overlap of territories thus emerges. In 1248, the distribution of the fiefs was much as it is today.
The number of fiefdoms in Guernsey has remained unchanged since the 14th century. The titles were kept in some cases the same years families (Sausamez). All 75 Lordships are fully documented; This is not the case with the other titles of the Channel Islands. In January 2004, 24 private Lords hold 46 Lordships which means that some Lords hold more than one title. Two more Seigneures (Riviere and Beuval) are owned by more than one person and the fiefdoms of 27 others belong to the Crown. The title is transferred by means of transport. The transfer must be in accordance with Guernsey practices. This means that the will or conveyance must be made in accordance with Guernsey Law. The document is registered with the HM Registry
VICTOR HUGO
On August 5, 1852, Victor Hugo arrived in Jersey and settled there.
In 1853, he published the Punishments. The 98 poems of the Punishments describe his anger and his indignation following the coup d'état of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte.
In October 1855, the Jersey authorities expelled Victor Hugo. He leaves Jersey for Guernsey, an island smaller and wilder than Jersey.
For fifteen years, Victor Hugo will remain in exile, writing satires against the one he calls "Napoleon the little one".
But it was also the time when he produced his greatest works: The Contemplations, The Legend of the Centuries and The Miserables.
In April 1856, publication of Contemplations. With his copyright, he bought Hauteville-House, a large house overlooking the sea. In December, Adèle, her daughter, who has difficulty in this exile, falls seriously ill. At the end of June Victor Hugo fell seriously ill. For more than a month he has to keep the room. He did not come out, very weakened, for the first time until August 4th.
In August 1859, Napoleon III granted amnesty to republican outlaws. Victor Hugo, however, refuses to return to France. In September, he published The Legend of the Centuries.
In March 1861, for the first time, he left Guernsey to go to Belgium. He finishes Les Misérables. In September he returned to Guernsey without his son Charles, who preferred to stay on the continent.
1865, Victor Hugo leaves Guernsey to settle in Brussels. He will return to Guernsey once again that year
Victor Hug o in exile in the islands
Anglo-normans
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As part of the peace between England and France, Pope Sixtus IV issued in 1483 a Papal bull granting the Privilege of Neutrality, by which the Islands, their harbours and seas, as far as the eye can see, were considered neutral territory. Anyone molesting Islanders would be excommunicated. A Royal Charter in 1548 confirmed the neutrality. Not that the French behaved, as they attempted to invade Jersey a year later in 1549 but were defeated by the militia. The neutrality lasted another century, until William III of England abolished the privilege[7]:89 due to privateering activity against Dutch ships. Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
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Norse Normandy Friherre Freiherr
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Fiefs Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel Mentz George Mentz Lord Baron Fief of Blondel Freiherr Duke Normandy Duchess King Queen Noble Titles Noble Titles of Guernsey Free Lords Freiherren Freiherr Barons Baronnies
Seigneurs Seigneur Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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Fief Seigneur Rights Land Minerals Shore beach foreshore airwaves hunting fishing common areas Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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King Richard Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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Portelet Beach Roquaine Bay Guernsey
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Neustrasia
Seigneur Blondel Lord Blondel Baron Blondel
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godsejeren
lehnsherr
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Fief Blondel Islands Beaches Foreshore
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events and concerts in guernsey
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Fief For Sale Sold Fief
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New Cryptocurrency digital currency Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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Vicomte de Contentin
Counts Contentin
count Contentin
graf Contentin
"Vicomte de Contentin owned 1/2 of Guernsey known as the Fief of
Technically, Guernsey and the Feifs were part of the Manche, Normandy, France.
All titles of nobility were abolished in mainland France, but those titular titles may still exist in Guernsey.
The Cotentin Peninsula (US: /ˌkoʊtɒ̃ˈtæ̃/,[1] French: [kɔtɑ̃tɛ̃]; Norman: Cotentîn [kotɑ̃ˈtẽ] (About this soundlisten)), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France. It extends north-westward into the English Channel, towards Great Britain. To its west lie the Channel Islands and to the southwest lies the peninsula of Brittany.
1204 AD - Fief Blondel and other Fiefs are Forfeited to the Crown with separation from Normandy and given to loyal Seigneurs and Dames.
The evolution of the lands in the parish of Torteval is complicated, because although initially in the Fief of the Cotentin, many of its fiefs cover St. Pierre-du-Bois, which is part of the Fief of Bessin. Then the Southwest side of Guernsey was composed of the Fief Canelly which was divided in 1205 into parts with the Fief Blondel becoming independent at that time.
Fief Blondel is part of the former large Fief of Canelly, once held by William de Chesney (1284) and before him by the Le Canellys until the separation of Guernsey from Normandy in 1204.
-Tupper in his history of Guernsey also proves the existence of this church in 1028, quoting the list of Fiefs existing at the accession of Robert I. (Duke of Normandy in 1028), at which time Guernsey was divided into two great fiefs: the fief of Néel, vicomte de St. Sauveur (Cotentin), comprised the six parishes of St. Samson, St. Peter-Port, St. Andrew, St. Martin, the Forest and Torteval, including the Château d'Orgueil.
Néel was also known as: (Niel, Nigel) II (III) de Saint-Saveur, Vicomte de Cotentin born in 1016 and died around 1073.
The remaining four parishes: the Vale, Câtel, St. Sauveur and St. Peter-in-the-Wood, formed the fief of Ansquetil.
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Feudal Lord Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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Feudal Law Guernsey Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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A quick and easy way of adding content to a site is to create a resources list. This can be anything from a simple list of appropriate web sites or it can be a full blown directory that includes mini-reviews of each of the sites listed. Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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Coat of Arms Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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CASTLE CORNET
THE CHATEAU DES CORNEILLES Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
The fortifications of this castle are almost eight centuries old. When King John Lackland lost Normandy to France in 1204, Guernsey chose to remain loyal to the English king. The island was immediately threatened by the French and the islanders decided to build Castle Cornet to protect themselves. Construction began in 1206 and lasted nearly 20 years. During the Hundred Years War, French and English fought hard and he passed several times hand in hand, after fierce battles. Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
Military techniques progressing, the castle was constantly reinforced and modified. During the civil war in England, the governor of Guernsey, Peter Osborne, retreated there and defied the rest of the island that had sided with Cromwell. The castle had to undergo a seat of nearly 9 years, during which he received the very valuable support of Jersey, remained loyal to his sovereign. More than 100,000 cannon balls were fired against the castle.
At the restoration of royalty, it was the jail of Sir John Lambert, former general of Cromwell, which was feared to resume the succession. But Lambert was again peaceful, and he occupied his captivity to lovingly arrange the gardens of the castle, which can be visited today. In 1672 a tragic accident occurred. During a violent storm, lightning fell on the ammunition depot, which exploded. The blast made the dungeon collapse, taking with it the house where Lady Hatton, the wife of the governor, who died buried, was.
During the Napoleonic era, for fear of a new French attack, Castle Cornet was modernized and armed with formidable guns, which never served.
Castle of Guernsey ( Castle Cornet)
When hostilities between English and French ended, the castle served as an arsenal, prison and barracks. Its military function was abandoned until 1940, year of the invasion of the island by the Germans. These concreted some parts of the castle in order to integrate it into their device of defense, the wall of the Atlantic.
POLICY
The States of Guernsey, formally named the States of Deliberation, consist of 59 members, of which 45 are deputies, elected by districts to one or more members every 4 years, and 10 are parish twelfths representing the parochial authorities. There are 2 representatives of Alderney and Sark, who are self-governing dependencies of the bailiwick. There are also 2 non-voting members - the Attorney General and the Attorney General, both appointed by the Monarch. The laws voted by the states are called 'ordinances'.
Since 2004 there is a system of ministerial government. The legal system is derived from the Norman and English laws, the justice being administered by the Royal Court.
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Sark
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Contact Pages are are great way to engage with your visitors and demonstrate that you are a real person rather than simply an anonymous web site. Seigneur de la Fief of Blondel St Peter of the Wood and Torteval GUERNESIAISE Lehnsherr von Th. Blondel, Normannische Kanalinseln edles Lehen Noble Title For sale Become a Lord or Lady Become a Baron Jarl Knight or Seigneur Dame Barony For Sale Scottish Norman Viking Title Royalty Thomas Blondel Thomas Blondelle Thomas Blondell Guernsey
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Right of Advowson
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Blondel Myth BLondell Blondelle King Richard Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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Lord Baron Longford Annaly Westmeath Feudal Meath Kingdom
Baron of Teffia - TEABHTHA or Teamhfna – LATIN TEFFIA IS THE OLD BARONY OF LONGFORD - south Tethba—Tethbae Deiscirt— Centered around its Capital Ardagh.[2] It was divided into two distinct kingdoms, north Tethba, ruled by the Cenél Coirpri, and south Tethba, ruled by the Cenél Maini
Baron de Anghaile OR Feudal Baron of Annaly - Kingdom of Anghaile , Annaly or Annalie or Chieftain and Princes of Annaly (http://www.from-ireland.net/history-longford-annaly-farrell (also known as Conmaicne Maigh Rein)
Baron Longford or Baron of Longphort - Leinster PROVINCE (Baron of Longfoirt is an Irish Spelling)
Grant from the King - Longford County. Licence to hold a Thursday market and a fair on the 1st of August, and two days at Longford, with the usual courts and fees
Lord of the Kingdom of Breifne - Longford a former province.
Lord Baron of Cairpre Gabra - Cairpre Gabra lay between the tuaths of Luigne-Gailenga to the east,and the Conmaicne Rein to the north-west. Centred near Granard, Cairpre Gabra lay along the northern border of the ancient Kingdom of Meath, and comprised the barony of Granard, and at part of the barony of Longford
Lord Baron of Upper Conmaicne (which is county Longford) Then the County Longford came to be known as Upper Conmaicne, to distinguish it from Muinntir-Eolais or South Leitrim
Lord Baron of Brigh Leithe – Ancient Longford Name ( Bri Leith)
Baron of AbbeyLara or “Abbey Larha” of Annaly & County Longford (Capite forever)
Last Baron of the Priory of Fore or FOWER – 1539 – The Benedictine Abbey
Lord Baron of Lisnanagh Castle, Co. Longford (Capite forever) Near Longford Town and Edgeworthstown. In grants it is spelled: Lissenoannagh Those lands created the manor of Correboymore, with court leet and view of frank-pledge and court baron ; with power to appoint seneschals and other officers, with jurisdiction in all actions for covenant and tres- pass where the damages Lios na nUamhanach/Lisnanagh | Logainm.ie See Map of Where Lisnanagh Is
Baron of East Connaught Kingdom 1014
Baron of Westmeath of the Priory of Fore - 1541 - grant of the manors of Belgard and Fore, Co. Longford-Westmeath to Nugents.
Tuite, Feudal Baron of Moyashell – Westmeath or barony of Moyashell or Magheradernon in Westmeath. The Marward family rights may have been transferred over to Nugent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyashel_and_Magheradernon
Lord of Manors/Castles of Monilagan, Liserdawle, Killenlassaragh, Moate, Grant of 1609 from King James I
Baron of Abbey & Priory of Inchmore or Inishmor in the Annalie (Co Longford) Priory, Lough Gowna – grant forever. Augustinian Priory called Inch Mór Monastery. Forever Papal Grant of Inchmore to Nugents.
Baron of Skrine Skreen Ancient Skryne - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Skryne Which is a Feudal Barony inherited by Nugents by Marriage.
Lord of Balrath & Lord of Bracklyn or Brackloom
Priory and Manor of Foure. Jan. 2nd 1612 – in Capite for Knights Service.
Count Nugent of Killasona Longford Co - & Freiherr von Nugent
Feudal Baron of Rathline Cashell or Ratheline Cashell
Lord Baron of Monilagen Castle - Grant King James
Baron Lissaghanedan/Correboy in Longford Barony.
Lord Baron Lisserdowle (Castle and Lands)
Lord Baron of Belgarde & Foure & Kilthorne Manors.
Pope’s Grant of of Inchmore 1635
Despite the twenty year grant the island obviously remained with the family for considerably longer. A further grant recorded in the Calendar of Papal Documents relates that in 1635 the Pope permitted the Earl of Westmeath to retain the property during the schism. The Papal grant was made on condition that if the schism should come to an end that the earl would restore the abbeys to whatever orders had previously held them. The Nugent estates were very considerable and quite apart from Inchmore they also held the lands of Fore which had a very large monastic site.
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Lord Baron Longford Annaly Westmeath Feudal Meath Kingdom
Baron of Teffia - TEABHTHA or Teamhfna – LATIN TEFFIA IS THE OLD BARONY OF LONGFORD - south Tethba—Tethbae Deiscirt— Centered around its Capital Ardagh.[2] It was divided into two distinct kingdoms, north Tethba, ruled by the Cenél Coirpri, and south Tethba, ruled by the Cenél Maini
Baron de Anghaile OR Feudal Baron of Annaly - Kingdom of Anghaile , Annaly or Annalie or Chieftain and Princes of Annaly (http://www.from-ireland.net/history-longford-annaly-farrell (also known as Conmaicne Maigh Rein)
Baron Longford or Baron of Longphort - Leinster PROVINCE (Baron of Longfoirt is an Irish Spelling)
Grant from the King - Longford County. Licence to hold a Thursday market and a fair on the 1st of August, and two days at Longford, with the usual courts and fees
Lord of the Kingdom of Breifne - Longford a former province.
Lord Baron of Cairpre Gabra - Cairpre Gabra lay between the tuaths of Luigne-Gailenga to the east,and the Conmaicne Rein to the north-west. Centred near Granard, Cairpre Gabra lay along the northern border of the ancient Kingdom of Meath, and comprised the barony of Granard, and at part of the barony of Longford
Lord Baron of Upper Conmaicne (which is county Longford) Then the County Longford came to be known as Upper Conmaicne, to distinguish it from Muinntir-Eolais or South Leitrim
Lord Baron of Brigh Leithe – Ancient Longford Name ( Bri Leith)
Baron of AbbeyLara or “Abbey Larha” of Annaly & County Longford (Capite forever)
Last Baron of the Priory of Fore or FOWER – 1539 – The Benedictine Abbey
Lord Baron of Lisnanagh Castle, Co. Longford (Capite forever) Near Longford Town and Edgeworthstown. In grants it is spelled: Lissenoannagh Those lands created the manor of Correboymore, with court leet and view of frank-pledge and court baron ; with power to appoint seneschals and other officers, with jurisdiction in all actions for covenant and tres- pass where the damages Lios na nUamhanach/Lisnanagh | Logainm.ie See Map of Where Lisnanagh Is
Baron of East Connaught Kingdom 1014
Baron of Westmeath of the Priory of Fore - 1541 - grant of the manors of Belgard and Fore, Co. Longford-Westmeath to Nugents.
Tuite, Feudal Baron of Moyashell – Westmeath or barony of Moyashell or Magheradernon in Westmeath. The Marward family rights may have been transferred over to Nugent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyashel_and_Magheradernon
Lord of Manors/Castles of Monilagan, Liserdawle, Killenlassaragh, Moate, Grant of 1609 from King James I
Baron of Abbey & Priory of Inchmore or Inishmor in the Annalie (Co Longford) Priory, Lough Gowna – grant forever. Augustinian Priory called Inch Mór Monastery. Forever Papal Grant of Inchmore to Nugents.
Baron of Skrine Skreen Ancient Skryne - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Skryne Which is a Feudal Barony inherited by Nugents by Marriage.
Lord of Balrath & Lord of Bracklyn or Brackloom
Priory and Manor of Foure. Jan. 2nd 1612 – in Capite for Knights Service.
Count Nugent of Killasona Longford Co - & Freiherr von Nugent
Feudal Baron of Rathline Cashell or Ratheline Cashell
Lord Baron of Monilagen Castle - Grant King James
Baron Lissaghanedan/Correboy in Longford Barony.
Lord Baron Lisserdowle (Castle and Lands)
Lord Baron of Belgarde & Foure & Kilthorne Manors.
Pope’s Grant of of Inchmore 1635
Despite the twenty year grant the island obviously remained with the family for considerably longer. A further grant recorded in the Calendar of Papal Documents relates that in 1635 the Pope permitted the Earl of Westmeath to retain the property during the schism. The Papal grant was made on condition that if the schism should come to an end that the earl would restore the abbeys to whatever orders had previously held them. The Nugent estates were very considerable and quite apart from Inchmore they also held the lands of Fore which had a very large monastic site.
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Feudal Dictionary Seigneur Fief of Blondel George Mentz Lord Baron of Fiefdom Blondel Freiherr of Fief Thomas Blondel Feudal Lord of Baronnie - Noble Fief Crown Dependency Baron Freiherr GUERNESIAISE Duke Normandy Foreshore Seasted Rights
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